Gas Turbine Water & Steam NOx Injection Calculator
Calculate demineralized water or steam injection flow rates (GPM & lb/hr), water-to-fuel mass ratios, thermal NOx suppression (ppmvd), and power augmentation boost.
Turbine Firing & Fuel Consumption
Diluent Medium & Target NOx
Injection Sizing & Power Augmentation
Recommended Tools & Equipment
Tested hardware and components for high reliability
Frequently Asked Questions
How does water or steam injection reduce thermal NOx emissions?
Thermal NOx forms via the Zeldovich mechanism at temperatures above 2800°F (1540°C). Injecting atomized demineralized water or steam directly into the combustor absorbs massive latent heat, lowering the peak flame temperature by several hundred degrees and slashing NOx formation by up to 80% to 90%.
Why does wet NOx injection increase turbine power output (power augmentation)?
The injected water or steam vaporizes and expands through the turbine along with combustion gases. This added mass flow (typically 1% to 2% extra total mass) increases the mass and density of fluid driving the expander blades, generating a 3% to 6% boost in shaft electrical megawatts.
Why is ultra-pure demineralized water strictly required?
Standard municipal or filtered water contains dissolved sodium, potassium, calcium, and silica. In the extreme 2000°F environment of the combustor, alkali metals react with sulfur to form molten alkali sulfates that cause catastrophic high-temperature hot corrosion and sulfidation of turbine blades within weeks. Water conductivity must be < 0.5 µS/cm.