Perforation Friction & Limited Entry Frac Calculator
Model pressure drop across casing perforations during high-rate slickwater hydraulic fracturing and calculate effective open hole count and erosion.
Frac Stage & Perforation Geometry
Barrels per minute (42 gal/bbl)
0.60 un-eroded, 0.85-0.90 eroded
Water=1.0, 2 ppa sand ≈ 1.08
Calculated Perforation Friction
Perforation Friction Loss (ΔP_perf):
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Exit Velocity per Hole:
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Flow Rate per Perforation:
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Total Open Flow Area:
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Optimum Holes for Target ΔP:
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Limited Entry Efficiency:
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Limited Entry Perforation Friction Mechanics
In modern plug-and-perf multi-cluster horizontal wells, operators utilize limited entry technique to force fracturing slurry to distribute evenly across all clusters. A controlled high perforation friction backpressure (1,000 - 2,000 psi) overcomes localized heel-to-toe reservoir stress shadow variations.
Crump & Conway (SPE 15488) Friction Equation
ΔP_perf = 0.2369 · SG · [ Q / (N · C_d · d²) ]²