Welding Carbon Equivalent (CE & Pcm) & Preheat Calculator
Calculate steel Carbon Equivalent using international standards (IIW CE, Ito-Bessyo Pcm, and EN 1011-2 CET) and determine minimum preheat and interpass temperatures to prevent hydrogen-induced cold cracking per AWS D1.1.
Steel Chemical Analysis (% by Weight)
Carbon Equivalent (IIW)
EXCELLENT WELDABILITY
0.36 %
No mandatory preheat required for plate thickness ≤ 1 inch (25mm)
Ito-Bessyo (Pcm)
0.25 %
Low-carbon micro-alloyed metric
European CET (EN 1011-2)
0.29 %
Eurocode structural benchmark
AWS D1.1 Preheat & Cracking Guidelines
Minimum Suggested Preheat:
50°F (10°C)
Hydrogen Cracking Risk:
Low (Group I Steel)