Wind Farm Jensen Wake Deficit Calculator
Wind energy & micro-siting: Calculate the N.O. Jensen / Park velocity deficit behind an upstream wind turbine, wake expansion width, and downstream power loss.
Turbine & Spacing Parameters
Wake Expansion & Velocity Deficit
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Jensen (Park) wake model in wind energy engineering?
Formulated by N.O. Jensen in 1983, the Park wake model uses linear momentum conservation to predict the expanding conical wake shadow behind an operating wind turbine. It assumes a top-hat velocity profile that expands linearly with downstream distance according to wake decay constant k.
Why do offshore wind farms experience larger wake losses than onshore farms?
Offshore sea surfaces have much lower aerodynamic surface roughness (z₀ ~ 0.0002 m) than onshore terrain (grassland/trees, z₀ ~ 0.03–0.1 m). The resulting lack of ambient mechanical turbulence means offshore wakes mix and dissipate far more slowly, persisting over 15 to 20 rotor diameters downstream.
How does turbine thrust coefficient (C_T) impact wake deficit?
The thrust coefficient C_T measures how much kinetic momentum the rotor extracts from the passing wind. At low wind speeds near cut-in, C_T is high (~0.80 to 0.88), producing intense, deep velocity deficits. At high wind speeds above rated where blades are pitched out, C_T drops to 0.2–0.4, causing significantly milder wake interference.