Wind Turbine Annual Energy Production (AEP) Calculator
Calculate gross and net Annual Energy Production (AEP), Weibull Rayleigh probability distribution, capacity factor, and full load hours per IEC 61400-12-1.
Turbine Rating & Power Curve Specs
Weibull Wind Regime & Losses
Annual Energy Yield & Performance
| Gross Annual Energy (AEP_gross): | -- GWh/yr |
| Net Capacity Factor (CF_net): | -- % |
| Full Load Equivalent Hours (FLH): | -- hours/yr |
| Rotor Swept Area (A_rotor): | -- m² |
| Turbine Specific Power: | -- W/m² |
| Weibull Scale Parameter (A): | -- m/s |
| Annual Energy Loss to Wake & Outages: | -- MWh/yr |
Recommended Tools & Equipment
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Weibull distribution in wind energy analysis?
The Weibull probability density function f(v) = (k/A) * (v/A)^(k-1) * exp(-(v/A)^k) is the universal statistical model used in IEC 61400-12-1 to describe wind speed variations over a year. The scale parameter A (in m/s) reflects average wind speed, while the shape parameter k (typically 1.8 to 2.2) reflects distribution peakedness (k = 2 is the classical Rayleigh distribution).
What is the difference between Gross AEP and Net AEP?
Gross AEP is the theoretical electrical energy a wind turbine would generate if wind blew across an isolated, frictionless machine operating with 100% availability. Net AEP deducts real-world park wake interactions (upstream turbines robbing downstream wind), electrical collection cable resistive losses, blade leading-edge soiling, high-wind hysteresis curtailment, and scheduled maintenance outages (typically 10% to 18% total deductions).
What is turbine Specific Power and why has it dropped over the past decade?
Specific Power is the ratio of rated generator capacity to rotor swept area (P_rated / A_rotor, in W/m²). A decade ago, onshore turbines featured 350 to 450 W/m². Modern low-to-medium wind turbines feature massive 140 to 165-meter rotors on 4 MW generators, lowering specific power to 220 to 280 W/m². This allows turbines to capture much more energy at low wind speeds and run at rated capacity for far more hours per year.