Electronics & RF calculators
Choose a task below. Check each calculator’s assumptions and units before using its result.
4-Switch Buck-Boost Calculator - H-Bridge Modes & Ripple
Analyze non-inverting H-bridge buck-boost converters for USB-C PD and automotive systems, optimize inductor ripple currents, and evaluate seamless mode transitions.
555 Timer Calculator - Frequency, Duty Cycle & Pulse
Calculate output frequency, high time, low time, and duty cycle for NE555 timer IC circuits in Astable and Monostable configurations.
Active Boost PFC Calculator
Model Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) boost power factor correction circuits, optimize inductor ripple currents, and size bulk capacitors for mandatory mains holdup time.
Arc Flash Incident Energy Calculator - IEEE 1584 Boundary
Determine incident energy exposure (cal/cm²), arc flash boundary distance (AFB), and required NFPA 70E PPE category per IEEE 1584-2018 standards.
BESS C-Rate Calculator - Battery Storage Runtime Sizing
Calculate continuous MW discharge power, C-rate, runtime duration in hours, round-trip efficiency (RTE) energy losses, and parasitic HVAC loads for utility BESS.
BESS Explosion Venting Calculator - NFPA 855 Relief Area
Calculate NFPA 68 and NFPA 855 explosion relief vent panel area (Av) required to protect containerized battery energy storage enclosures from catastrophic overpressure.
BJT Emitter Follower (Common Collector) Buffer Calculator
Calculate input impedance (Zin), output impedance (Zout), voltage gain (Av ≈ 1), and DC biasing for common-collector transistor buffers.
BLDC & PMSM FOC Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) Calculator
Calculate Clarke/Park transforms, reference voltage space vectors, hexagon sector identification, and 3-phase bridge switching duty cycles with maximum DC bus utilization.
Boost Converter RHP Zero & Loop Compensation Calculator
Determine the Right-Half-Plane (RHP) zero frequency, maximum stable feedback loop crossover bandwidth, and required inductance in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM).
Buck Converter EMI Input Filter & Middlebrook Stability
Prevent SMPS input filter oscillations by sizing LC filter components, calculating negative input impedance ($R_{in} = -V_{in}^2 / P$), and designing parallel RC damping networks.
Cable Shield Induced Voltage Calculator - IEEE 575 Sizing
Calculate standing sheath induced voltages, touch safety thresholds, and shield circulating currents in single-conductor power cables per IEEE Std 575 and IEC 60287.
Cable Short Circuit Withstand Calculator - Thermal Damage
Verify that insulated conductors withstand available short-circuit currents without insulation breakdown or copper conductor damage per ICEA P-32-382 and Onderdonk.
Capacitor Inrush Current Calculator - Bank Switching Sizing
Compute single bank and severe back-to-back capacitor switching inrush peak currents and transient frequencies per IEEE Standard C37.99.
Charge Pump Switched-Capacitor Inverter & Doubler Calculator
Calculate output resistance (Rout), flying capacitor (Cfly) requirements, slow & fast switching limits, and voltage ripple for switched-capacitor inverters and doublers.
Class-AB Audio Amplifier Vbe Multiplier & Bias Current
Size Vbe multiplier transistor bias networks ($V_{bias} = V_{BE} (1 + R_1/R_2)$), eliminate crossover distortion, and calculate quiescent current ($I_q$) per Oliver criteria.
Coaxial Cable Characteristic Impedance (Z0) Calculator
Design custom rigid coax and analyze coaxial cables. Calculate Z0 impedance, distributed capacitance, inductance, and TE11 cutoff frequency.
Coaxial Cavity Resonator & Filter Sizing Calculator
Size high-$Q$ quarter-wave coaxial cavity resonators for repeater duplexers and preselectors. Optimize $D/d = 3.6$ ($Z_0 \approx 77\Omega$) for maximum unloaded $Q$ ($Q_u > 2,500$).
Coaxial Combline Bandpass Filter Synthesizer
Synthesize compact foreshortened TEM combline cavity filters, calculate capacitive screw tuning loads, inter-resonator coupling matrix, and insertion loss.
Conduit Fill Calculator - EMT, PVC & Rigid NEC Sizing
Calculate raceway fill percentages across EMT, Schedule 40/80 PVC, and Rigid conduit adhering to NEC Chapter 9 Table 1 limits.
Current Sense Resistor (Shunt) Kelvin 4-Wire & Thermal
Size precision current shunts ($R_{shunt} = V_{sense} / I_{max}$), calculate $I^2 R$ power dissipation, evaluate TCR resistance drift in ppm/°C, and quantify Kelvin 4-wire trace benefits.
Current Transformer (CT) Burden Resistor Calculator
Size burden resistors (Rburden) for split-core and solid-core CT sensors. Match AC secondary current to micro-controller ADC input ranges and prevent core saturation.
DC Battery Short Circuit Calculator - Bank Fault Sizing
Calculate prospective DC short-circuit currents, internal cell impedances, loop time constants, and protective device AIC ratings per IEEE 946 and IEEE 1375.
Detuned Reactor Calculator - Capacitor Resonance Sizing
Determine series reactor inductance (p = 5.67%, 7%, 14%), series tuning frequency, capacitor terminal voltage boost, and prevent destructive harmonic resonance.
Dielectric Resonator Puck (DRO) Calculator
Model high-Q microwave dielectric resonator pucks, calculate fundamental TE01δ resonant frequencies, enclosure lid mechanical tuning, and microstrip coupling.
Flyback Transformer Primary Inductance & Turns Calculator
Calculate primary magnetizing inductance (Lp), primary and secondary turns (Np/Ns), peak switch current, and core air gap for flyback SMPS converters.
Free 1/4 Wave Ground Plane Antenna Calculator
Calculate vertical whip radiator length, 45° drooping ground radials, and achieve an exact 50-ohm coaxial match on an SO-239 flange connector.
Free 3-Element Yagi-Uda Antenna Calculator
Calculate precise reflector, driven element, and director element cut lengths, boom spacing, forward gain (dBi), and front-to-back ratio for VHF and UHF beams.
Free Active Peak Detector & Hold Capacitor Calculator
Size holding capacitors ($C_{hold}$) for precision active peak detectors. Balance pulse charging acquisition time against reverse diode leakage droop rate ($dV/dt = I_{leak} / C_{hold}$).
Free Axial-Mode Helical Antenna Calculator
Calculate helix coil diameter, turn spacing, pitch angle, directivity gain (dBi), half-power beamwidth (HPBW), and ground plane reflector dimensions using classic Kraus formulas.
Free BJT Current Mirror Calculator
Compare standard two-transistor, Wilson, and Widlar current mirrors. Calculate reference current, base-current matching error, dynamic output impedance, and compliance range.
Free BJT Transistor Saturation Base Resistor Calculator
Size base drive resistors ($R_B$) for guaranteed hard saturation in switching circuits. Compute forced beta overdrive, saturation power loss, and speed-up capacitor ($C_B$).
Free Bridge Rectifier & Smoothing Capacitor Calculator
Calculate peak DC voltage, ripple voltage, required smoothing capacitor (µF), diode PIV, and capacitor RMS ripple current for linear power supplies.
Free Buck Converter Input Capacitor Calculator
Calculate pulsed input RMS ripple current (Icin,rms), allowable input voltage ripple, ESR dissipation, and MLCC DC bias derating for step-down switching regulators.
Free CAN Bus Bit Timing & Propagation Delay Calculator
Configure CAN controller bit timing registers ($BRP, Prop\_Seg, Phase\_Seg1, Phase\_Seg2$), target sample points ($75\% - 87.5\%$), and maximum cable length without bus arbitration failure.
Free Cascode Amplifier Calculator
Quantify Miller capacitance suppression, calculate high-frequency bandwidth improvement, voltage gain (Av), and output impedance for BJT and FET cascode circuits.
Free Class-D Audio Amplifier LC Filter Calculator
Size output low-pass LC reconstruction filters, calculate Butterworth damping, prevent high-frequency speaker impedance peaking, and suppress PWM switching EMI.
Free Class-D Audio Amplifier LC Filter Calculator
Calculate output low-pass filter inductance (µH), capacitance (µF), Butterworth cutoff frequency, and Q resonance across 4Ω and 8Ω speaker loads.
Free Coaxial Cable Attenuation Calculator
Calculate RF transmission line decibel (dB) loss, delivered antenna power (Watts), and dielectric heat dissipation.
Free Coaxial Cable RF Power Handling Calculator
Calculate continuous average thermal power ratings (Watts), peak voltage flashover limits ($V_{max} = V_0 sqrt{S}$), and VSWR derating for popular transmission lines.
Free Coaxial Collinear (CoCo) Antenna Length Calculator
Build high-gain omnidirectional vertical antennas for ADS-B 1090 MHz, LoRa 868/915 MHz, and amateur radio. Calculate λ/2 segment cut lengths and choke sleeves.
Free Coaxial Stub Filter Calculator
Calculate precise physical cut lengths, notch attenuation depth, and harmonic suppression for open and short-circuited quarter-wave coaxial stubs.
Free Coaxial to Microstrip Transition Calculator
Model RF connector launch parasitic inductance and pad capacitance, calculate return loss ($S_{11}$), and size compensation tapers for edge-launch SMA and K-connectors.
Free Current Sense Resistor & Shunt Calculator
Calculate shunt resistor value (mΩ), voltage drop (mV), full-load power dissipation (Watts), amplifier gain, and thermal drift error for precision current sensing.
Free DC-DC Boost Converter Inductor Calculator
Calculate minimum inductance, average & peak inductor currents, switch duty cycle, and output filter capacitance for step-up switch-mode converters.
Free DC-DC Buck Converter Inductor Calculator
Calculate minimum inductance, inductor ripple current, peak saturation current, and output capacitor ESR for continuous conduction step-down converters.
Free Differential Microstrip Impedance Calculator
Calculate edge-coupled microstrip differential impedance ($Z_{diff} = 2 cdot Z_{odd}$), single-ended $Z_0$, even-mode $Z_{even}$, and propagation delay for high-speed digital & RF PCBs.
Free Drone Flight Time Calculator
Calculate quadcopter hover duration, aggressive FPV freestyle runtime, battery energy capacity, and safe 80% discharge limits.
Free Drone Propeller Thrust Calculator
Calculate static thrust in grams, theoretical pitch airspeed in mph, and mechanical motor power consumption from propeller geometry.